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Textile Chemical Processing

What is the need of Textile Chemical Processing?
 In Textile Chemical Processing the chemical treatments are given to the fabric after being manufactured. Actually the fabric coming from the loom is not having properties like absorbency, softness etc and the most important is that the appearance of the fabric is dirty or pale yellow; we cannot use it directly for making apparels or clothing. So, it is necessary to go for chemical processing of the material to make it wearable.


Impurities in Gray Fabric
There are three types of impurities present in the gray fabric
·        Natural Impurities
·        Added Impurities
·        In-process Impurities
Natural Impurities: natural impurities are the impurities related to the chemical composition of the fibres. Different fibres have different type of natural impurities. Some of the natural impurities present in a gray fabric are:
Waxes, pectins, pigments, colloid substances, colours etc. These impurities mask the absorbency of fabrics.

Added Impurities: These are the impurities deliberately added for improvement of certain properties during weaving operations. Some of these are: Gums, PVA (Poly vinyl alcohol), starch, fatty compounds, softeners or lubricants etc.

In-process Impurities: these impurities are produced in the gray fabric during processes. The various in-process impurities are: Oil sticks/stains, lubricant marks, leaf material (found in natural fibres), Broken cotton seeds called kitties (found in cotton fabric) etc.

Chemical Composition of Cotton
Cotton is a cellulosic fibre it has cellulose as major component:

Constituent
Proportion
Cellulose
88-96%
Proteins
1.0-1.9%
Waxes
0.4-1.2%
Pectins
0.3-1.0%
Ash (inorganic matter)
0.7-1.6%
Others (resins, pigments, hemi-cellulose, sugars, dust-dirt)
0.5-0.8%

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